Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists represent one of the most significant advances in peptide therapeutics over the past decade. From the first GLP-1 analogs to today’s triple-agonist compounds like retatrutide, this article explores the science, mechanisms, and research potential.
Native GLP-1 is a 30-amino acid incretin hormone secreted by intestinal L-cells in response to nutrient intake. Its rapid degradation by DPP-4 (half-life ~2 minutes) led researchers to develop stabilized analogs with extended activity.
The field has progressed from daily-dosed liraglutide to weekly semaglutide, dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist tirzepatide, and now triple agonists targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors simultaneously.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is the primary analytical method for determining peptide purity. A properly conducted HPLC analysis separates the target peptide from synthesis impurities, deletion sequences, and degradation products.
Key parameters to evaluate include: retention time, peak area percentage, method conditions (column type, gradient, mobile phase), and injection volume. Purity ≥98% by HPLC area normalization is considered research-grade.
BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) has been the subject of over 100 published research papers spanning multiple tissue systems. Originally isolated from human gastric juice, this 15-amino acid peptide demonstrates unique regenerative properties.
Published studies cover: gastrointestinal mucosal protection, tendon and ligament healing, muscle injury recovery, bone healing, neuroprotective effects, blood vessel formation, and inflammatory bowel disease models.